Basic Terminology


Counting
ichi one
ni two
san three
shi (yon) four
go five
roku six
shichi (nana) seven
hachi eight
kyu nine
ju ten
hyaku one hundred

General
go hard
ju soft
ryu style
kara open
te hand
ki spirit, inner power
kiai shout used to unite inner power and ki
jodan upper area
chudan middle area
gedan lower area
hidari left
migi right
mawate turn
kaete change
hito person
rei bow
yoi ready
kamae combative posture
hajime begin
yame stop
hinari twist
kime focus
mokuso meditation

Stances
dachi/tachi stance
fudo dachi free stance
heisoku dachi closed foot stance (feet together)
musubi dachi formal attention stance (heels together, feet at an angle)
heiko dachi parallel stance (feet shoulder width apart)
hachiji dachi natural stance (feet shoulder width apart, toes slightly pointed out)
kiba dachi horse riding stnace
shiko dachi straddle leg stance
sanchin dachi hourglass stance (back toes in line with front heel)
han zenkutsu dachi half front stance (back knee drop down to front toes)
zenkutsu dachi front stance (back knee drops down to front heel)
kokutsu dachi back stance
neko ashi dachi cat foot stance
renoji dachi the letter “re” stance
sesan dachi side facing straddle stance

Hand Techniques
tsuki punch or thrust
uchi strike
nakadaka ken middle finger knuckle fist
ippon ken first finger knuckle fist
kuma de bear hand
washi de eagle hand
empi/hiji elbow
choku tsuki straight punch
nihon tsuki double punch
sanbon tsuki triple punch
kizame tsuki leading punch, jab
oi tsuki lunge punch
gyaku tsuki reverse punch
ura tsuki short punch (palm side up)
age tsuki rising punch
tate tsuki vertical punch
kagi tsuki short punch
furi tsuki circular punch
mawashi tsuki round hook punch
heiko tsuki parallel punch
hasami tsuki scissors punch
yama tsuki mountain punch
awase/so tsuki u-punch
nagashi tsuki flowing punch
shotei/teisho tsuki palm heel thrust
seiken tsuki fore fist strike
nukite tsuki finger thrust
ko uchi bent wrist strike
ura ken uchi back fist strike
shuto uchi knife hand srike
hiji uchi/ate elbow strike/smash
tettsui uchi bottom fist strike
shotei/teisho uchi palm heel strike
tsukame grab

Foot Techniques
geri kick
ashi foot/leg
josokutei ball of the foot
sokuto foot edge
kakato heel
haisoku instep
tsumasaki tip of the toe
hiza knee
mae geri (kaegi) front snap kick
mae geri (kekomi) front thrust kick
mawashi geri round house kick
ushiro geri back thrust kick
yoko geri (keagi) side snap kick
yoko geri (kekomi) side thrust kick
kansetsu geri stamping kick, joint kick
hiza geri knee kick
nidan geri double front snap kick (back leg first)
ren geri double front snap kick (front leg first)
ashi barai foot sweep
mae tobi geri jumping front kick
yoko tobi geri jumping side thrust kick

Blocking Techniques
uke block
age uke (jodan) rising block
chudan uke inside circular block
chudan uchi uke outside forearm block
gedan barai downward block
gedan uchi barai outside downward block (open block)
hiki uke pulling/grasping block
kake uke open handed block
shuto uke knife hand block
shotei uke palm heel block
ko uke wrist block
ura uke back hand block
uchi uke inside forarm block
morote uke augmented block (double handed)
mawashi uke round house block
tora guchi double handed open-hand circular block
hari uke archer block
hiji uke elbow strike
kuri uke downward elbow block
hiza uke knee block

Practice Fighting
kumite sparring
sandan gi basic sparring adapted from Gekisai kata
sanbon kumite three step sparring (three jodan, three chudan, three gedan)
ippon kumite one point sparring where the attacker defends, then counters after the attack
sandan kumite three step, three level sparring (one jodan, one chudan, one gedan)
sanbon tsuki three step sparring, blocking with one hand against a 3 punch combination
kihon ippon basic one step sparring
jiyu ippon one step sparring from ippon
randori slow and soft free style with emphasis on technique
jiyu kumite hard and fast controlled free style fighting

Opening Ceremony
Head Student: shugo line up
Head Student: ki o tsuke attention
Head Student: seiza kneel
Head Student: mokuso meditation
Head Student: mokuso yame finish meditation
Head Student: shomen ni, face front
Head Student: rei bow
Head Student: sensei ni face instructor
Head Student: rei bow
Everybody: onegai shimasu "will you please?" - In karate "Please teach me
Head Student: kiritsu stand up

Closing Ceremony
Head Student: shugo line up
Head Student: ki o tsuke attention
Head Student: seiza kneel
Head Student: mokuso meditation
Head Student: mokuso yame finish meditation
Head Student: dojo kun shouted by head student, then by everyone
Head Student: shinzen ni face shrine/founder
Head Student: rei bow
Head Student: sensei ni face instructor
Head Student: rei bow
Everybody: arigato gozaimashita "Thank you very much"
Head Student: otagai ni face each other
Head Student: rei bow
Everybody: arigato gozaimashita "Thank you very much"
Head Student: kiritsu stand up

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